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Site de veille et de vulgarisation de la recherche sur le développement durable, l’entrepreneuriat et la PME

Projet du Laboratoire de recherche sur le développement durable en contexte de PME, affilié à l’Institut de recherche sur les PME (INRPME) de l’Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Vigie-PME repère, collecte et rend accessible à tous et en un même endroit les derniers développements scientifiques sur les sujets du développement durable et de la responsabilité sociétale associés à l’entrepreneuriat et à la gestion des petites et moyennes entreprises.

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Managing Responsibly in Tough Economic Times: Strategic and Tactical CSR During the 2008–2009 Global Recession

28 Août

Clics: 8372

Articles scientifiques

Publication date: Available online 23 August 2014
Source:Long Range Planning

Author(s): Pratima Bansal , Guoliang F. Jiang , Jae C. Jung

In constrained economic times, organizations can either withdraw their socially responsible activities or maintain — even expand — them to meet heightened stakeholder needs. The 2008–2009 global recession offers a natural experiment through which to understand corporate social responsibility (CSR) in a tight economy. In this paper, we suggest that tactical, rather than strategic, forms of CSR will more likely be withdrawn. Tactical CSR comprises transactional activities with short time horizons and relatively few organizational resources. Strategic CSR comprises activities with long time horizons, large resource commitments and significant structural adjustments. We argue that firms will withdraw both tactical and strategic CSR during a recession due to severe resource scarcity and heightened uncertainty in the macro economy. Strategic CSR, however, would more likely endure through a recession than tactical CSR, since strategic CSR activities are often routinized. Although strong corporate financial performance (CFP) can counteract the negative impact of a recession, we argue that this tempering effect will be stronger for strategic CSR than tactical. We find support for these hypotheses, drawing data from 1,666 U.S. companies for the period between 2003 and 2009.

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How did the Recession Change the Communication of Corporate Social Responsibility Activities?

28 Août

Clics: 7365

Articles scientifiques

Publication date: Available online 27 August 2014
Source:Long Range Planning

Author(s): Todd Green , John Peloza

One key objective of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities is the enhancement of relationships with stakeholders such as consumers. However, in order for firms to enhance stakeholder relationships, individuals must be made aware of firms' CSR activities. As a result, firms dedicate considerable resources to CSR-related advertisements. The current research proposes that, during recessionary periods, managers alter their CSR communications in response to perceived consumer retrenchment to purchase criteria such as price and quality. Using sensemaking as a framework, we predict that managers used cues from consumers during the recent recession, to alter their CSR communications strategies accordingly. We test our hypotheses through a content analysis of over 4000 print advertisements from 2006 to 2010. Our findings demonstrate that instead of lower levels of CSR communications during the recession, the odds of an advertisement containing CSR messages actually increased during the recession. However, the content of this advertising did change in concert with the sensemaking hypotheses. Specifically, during periods of economic decline, CSR messages were more likely to be integrated into “mainstream” advertising. We also find that the use of self-oriented appeals (e.g., cost savings due to energy efficiency) sharply increased during the period of economic decline. We highlight how managers can use these findings to increase the probability that CSR communications will deliver the expected relational benefits with consumers.

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Discourses of Transdisciplinarity: Looking Back to the Future

28 Août

Clics: 7043

Articles scientifiques

Publication date: Available online 27 August 2014
Source:Futures

Author(s): Julie Thompson Klein

The current ascendancy of Transdisciplinarity (TD) is marked by an exponential growth of publications, a widening array of contexts, and increased interest across academic, public and private sectors. This investigation traces historical trends, rhetorical claims, and social formations that have shaped three major discourses of TD: transcendence, problem solving, and transgression. In doing so, it also takes account of developments that have emerged or gained traction since the early 21^st century when a 2004 issue of Futures on the same topic was being written.

The epistemological problem at the heart of the discourse of transcendence is the idea of unity, traced in the West to ancient Greece. The emergence of Transdisciplinarity was not a complete departure from this historical quest, but it signalled the need for new syntheses at a time of growing fragmentation of knowledge and culture. New synthetic frameworks emerged, including general systems, post/structuralism, feminist theory, and sustainability. New organizations also formed to advance conceptual frameworks aimed at transcending the narrowness of disciplinary worldviews and interdisciplinary combinations of approaches that did not supplant the status quo of academic structure and classification.

The discourse of problem solving is not new. It was fundamental to conceptions of interdisciplinarity in the first half of the 20^th century. Heightened pressure to solve problems of society, though, fostered growing alignment of TD with solving complex problems as well as trans-sector participation of stakeholders in society and team-based science. The discourse of transgression was forged in critique of the existing system of knowledge and education. TD became aligned with imperatives of cultural critique, socio-political movements, and conceptions of post-normal science and wicked problems that break free of reductionist and mechanistic approaches. It also became a recognized premise in interdisciplinary fields, including cultural studies, women's and gender studies, urban studies, and environmental studies. And, calls for TD arrived at a moment of wider crisis in the privileging of dominant forms of knowledge, human rights accountability, and democratic participation.

Even with distinct patterns of definition, though, discourses are not air-tight categories. Transcendence was initially an epistemological project, but the claim of transcendence overlaps increasingly with problem solving. The imperatives of transgression also cut across the discourses of transcendence and problem solving. Broadly speaking, though, emphasis is shifting from traditional epistemology to problem solving, from the pre-given to the emergent, and from universality to hybridity and contextuality.

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Sustainability as a provocation to rethink management education: Building a progressive educative practice

20 Août

Clics: 6919

Articles scientifiques

An important aim of critical management education is to stand in critique of mainstream educative practice, while engaging in ideas of new possibility and proposals for alternative action. Opportunities for critique can be opened by identifying paradox or the appearance of contradiction in the imperatives underpinning conventional approaches to management and management education. One such contradiction is the "sustainability paradox": our dominant approaches to wealth creation degrades both the ecological systems and the social relationships upon which their very survival depends. In this article, we offer, from within a critical management education frame, an alternative vision of management education as a progressive educative practice: one that embraces our embeddedness in the natural world and our social relation to one another. We conclude with ideas for redirecting the contextual, organizational, curricular, and pedagogical dimensions of management education toward such a vision.

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